Plastics manufacture, types,application,examples 1. We used to build ships from wood and planes from string hemp and canvas cottonflax. The materials used in civil engineering constructions can be studied under the. Mechanical properties and degradation of commercial biodegradable plastic bags.
For chemically resistant plastic, view our chemical resistance of plastics chart. Plastics start to become brittle at temperatures below zero. Our experienced sales and technical teams are available to assist you with material selection challenges. We hope this information helps you develop parameters to consider when selecting a group of plastics for further investigation. Pet e plastic is used to make many common household items like beverage bottles, medicine jars, rope, clothing and carpet fibre. This chapter explains the properties of plastics and the characteristics of typical material in mold processing. Today were looking at the types of different plastics, along with their properties and uses which leads us at consolidated plastics to consider the nature of change, both in our business and in yours.
Physical properties of plastics material formula density g cm3 flammability limiting oxygen index % optical transmission % radiation resistance refractive index resistance to ultraviolet water absorption % water absorption equilibrium % water absorption over 24 hours %. Oct 30, 2015 apr 10, 2020 general properties of plastics use of polymers notes edurev is made by best teachers of. The test samples are extinguished within 5 seconds average time mean of 10 succesive tests. The chemical properties of plastics depend on the type of polymer used during the manufacturing process. Some properties of plastics include their light weight, high resistance to various chemicals, thermal and electrical insulation and their wide range of colors, characteristics and potential uses. Plastic shapes include sheet, rod, hex, pipe, cubes, balls, and tubes. Plastics are quickly gaining popularity as the material of choice for medical device components. The suitability of products intended for use in these temperature ranges should be tested prior to application. Abs is a blend of three different plastics into a sort of plastic alloy. Volumes were calculated by multiplying the weight by an average density value for the material type. The effects of optimal processing parameters and addition of recycled plastic in various compositions on mechanical properties and mfi of the part are studied. Optimization of mechanical properties of recycled plastic.
If you throw them away they will stay in the environment for a very long time. Plastics have taken the place of traditional materials like woods and metals. Highdensity polyethylene products are very safe and are not known to transmit any chemicals into foods or drinks. The properties of plastics how to pick the right plastic. The structural plastics selection manual is the second of three manuals for structural engineers prepared under the direction of the american society of civil engineers structural plastics research council. Like most other plastics, acrylite ff sheet will expand and contract from. These properties range from high temperature performance to dimensional stability and excellent electrical insulation properties. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, it enables scientists to understand the commercial implications of their work as well as providing technologists with a theoretical background. Plastics technology handbook plastics properties and testing. This document pdf may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Properties include improved toughness, chemical resistance, impact strength, and. Properties and uses of plastics as a construction material. Today it is one of our most useful and adaptable materials. When heat and pressure are applied to plastic, it can be molded or remolded into various shapes.
The name plastic is derived from the greek word plastikos, which means able to be shaped. In this worksheet, students will be looking at the properties of plastics one of the most common materials in everyday life. This is the part of the lesson weve been patiently waiting for. Properties of plastic materials combustibility test for plastics according to ul subject 94 the plastic materials are classified as follows. At consolidated plastics, we think of plastic as a medium of change, making products better while serving as a reminder that flexibility. However, these properties are subject to change due to temperature. The field of plastic surgery is not named for use of plastic materials, but rather the meaning of the word plasticity, with regard to the reshaping of flesh. Use of plastic wastes as a binding material in the. None of the test sample burns longer than 10 seconds.
Hence it is important to know the plastic flow properties of metals and alloys. Property of plastics this chapter explains the properties of plastics and the characteristics of typical material in mold processing. Plastics enable sustainable, durable, longlasting design and construction in homes, buildings, and infrastructure like bridges in automotive design, plastics have contributed to a multitude of innovations in safety, performance and fuel efficiency. Mechanical properties and degradation of commercial. Other plastics such as pet, pp, hdpe, pa12, pa11, pa6, pes. Plastics are nothing but synthetic organic high polymers. Available in many colors and in transparent form, plastics can be rubbery or rigid. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. Today, engineering plastics can be found in virtually every aspect. Most materials have molecules made up of less than 300 atoms, plastics contain thousands of atoms. But, what makes pps a high performance plastic in several sectors. Since the previous edition, several new materials have been. Have them choose 1 or 2 types of plastic and using what they have just learned about their physical and chemical properties, explain why certain plastics are used to package certain items.
Different types of plastics and their classification the society of the plastics industry spi established a classification system in 1988 to allow consumers and recyclers to identify different types of plastic. It is important to know the general outstanding properties of plastics to make best use of this an engineering material. We had to work with the materials that nature provided, but no morewe now design our own materials. Use our interactive properties table below to explore by property group, sort, or compare two or more plastic materials. The use of plastic materials in the medical field, about 4 billion dollars in.
This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 367 times. Unmodified types of plastics that are regarded as having unacceptable resistance to uv are pom acetal, pc, abs and pa66. Every polymer has very distinct characteristics but most share a few similar characteristics. Have students examine the characteristics of common plastics information sheet to identify common uses for each of the 6 major types of plastic. Dec 07, 2014 properties of plastics physical properties electrical conductivity. Low polymers repeated structure dont conduct slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Economic impact analysis of proposed reinforced plastics. The 5page chapter on characterization and testing is a book in itself, with good sense explanations of the underlying theory, test.
Plastic is a general term that includes various chemicals and synthetic materials. Plastics are all around you, but how much do you know about this handy invention. The properties mentioned here could be references for plastic selection. Polycarbonate pc is used in baby bottles, compact discs, and medical storage containers. Plastic material properties table mechanical, physical, thermal. Pe is even used heavily in the agricultural industry and used for creating green houses and put on the soil for mulching film. Condition of application, specific weight and typical mechanical strength 15. Also, you may want to use our plastic material selection guide or interactive thermoplastics triangle to assist with the material selection process based on your application requirements. The study bears on plastics with a polypropylene basis. Some of the reasons include its awesome physical properties and. Polyphenylene sulfide pps is a highperformance, engineering thermoplastic characterized by an unusual combination of properties. Find information on the wide variety of plastics used in hundreds of household and consumer products.
General properties of plastics use of polymers notes. Continuous common operating chemical uv compressive. With its lightweight composition and strength, plastic is a prevalent material in many different industries. Engineering plastics material selection a design guide. Plastic waste is carried to melt and mixed with a varying proportion of sand variation between 50 and 80% in weight. The seventh edition of this classic reference work once more provides a comprehensive overview of commercially available plastics materials. These notes serve as a guideline only and do not constitute any confirmation of warranted quality. There are hundreds of different kinds of plastics, in all sorts of different colors, and with all sorts of different properties, from strong and hard to soft and flexible. It is most readily available in opaque black and white, with one side smooth and one side textured.
For instance, most polymers are very resistant to chemicals contained in solvents such as cleaning fluids. Plastic materials consist of long chain molecules polymers. It supplements the preceding structural plastics connections manual. Sep 28, 2014 plastics manufacture, types,application,examples 1. Plastics are defined as a group of synthetic resinous or other substances that can be molded into any form.
Dr lucy cowton product sustainability manager innovia films. Plastic common name continuous operating temperature chemical resistance uv resistance compressive strength coefficient of friction dielectric strength. Manufacturers place an spi code, or number, on each plastic product, usually moulded into the bottom. Thermoplastic consumption is roughly 80% or more of the total plastic consumption. We need to learn to use less of this material but im sure youll agree that this is a good reason to make sure you recycle as much as possible. Other uses for plastics have been for milk cartons, toys, bags, packing tape, and cable insulation. Depending on physical properties, plastics are divided into two types. It is important to understand these standard terms since they are used by suppliers and users to communicate how a material. Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymerization polycondensation 1 figure 1. Research materials to see which options best fit your needs. Naturally, there may be some exceptions to these rules of thumb or times when. Linear polymers and a combination of linear and cross. Facts about plastic for kids uses of plastic dk find out.
It should also be noted that each plastic material has its own peculiar properties to suit the various uses. Definition and concept a plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solids that are moldable macro molecular consists large chain like molecules containing carbon. They include bricks, timber, cement, steel and plastics. An emerging alternative for petroleum based plastics. Trains, planes, and automobiles, even ships, satellites, and space stations, use plastics extensively. Plastics have many uses in the medical field as well, with the introduction of polymer implants and other medical devices derived at least partially from plastic.
Plastics differ from other materials largely because of the size of their molecules. Common plastics their abbreviations, names and uses. Chapter 5 properties of plastics mechanical and physical properties of plastics this section will acquaint the reader with the technical terms and concepts used to describe the properties or performance of a material. Learn about plastics, recycling of plastics, thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic, types and properties of plastics at byjus. Polymer waste is a serious burden for the environment because common organisms. The materials used in the construction of engineering structures such as buildings, bridges and roads are called engineering materials or building materials. General properties of plastics use of polymers notes edurev. You may have seen pictures on the tv or online of masses and masses of plastics in the sea.
Most plastics melt when they are heated, so they are easy to mold into any shape. Mechanical properties of plastic materials material formula abrasive resistance astm d1044 mg cycles coefficient of friction compression set after 24 hr at 175c % compressive modulus gpa compressive strength mpa elongation at break % hardness rockwell izod impact strengt h j m1 poissons ratio tear strength n mm1 tensile modulus. I structure and properties of polymers pavel kratochvil encyclopedia of life support systems eolss are molding, blowing, calendering, casting, extrusion, foaming, spinning of fibers, etc. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The success of plastic as an engineering material will depends up on the selection of variety of plastic.
In addition, most of the commodity plastics such as bottles, cups etc made out of petroleum are non compostable and non biodegradable. Materials such as poly lactic acid pla are examples of. But with many options available, manufacturers need to. Plastics that can be deformed easily upon heating and can be bent easily. Plastic material properties table curbell plastics. In the development of plastic enclosures and tuning knobs, the designers follow the ecodesign directive.
One of the many properties of plastics that makes them so useful is that they are easy to produce in different shapes and sizes and so can be used to make a huge variety of objects. The length, width and depth of each item was measured at the longest edge. Apr 10, 2020 general properties of plastics use of polymers notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Highlights l 9 taguchi oa is used to produce the parts made of various composition of virgin and recycled plastic using injection moulding. Plastics uses, benefits, and chemical safety facts. This lesson will give a brief history of plastics and discuss some of the properties that make it such a useful. Easy descriptions of typical, physical, thermal, optical, electrical properties. Making sense of plastics and their properties mddi online. Physical properties of plastics professional plastics. Items made from this plastic are commonly recycled. General properties and applications of thermoplastics.